DEFINITIONS

CHAPTER 1 & 2 - Introduction of Physics & Forces and Motion

· Velocity : Rate of displacement

· Accelaration : Rate of change of velocity

· Momentum : Product mass and velocity

· Impuls : Change of momentum

· Impulsive Force : Rate of Change of momentum in short interval

· Free Fall : the object fall under gravitional force only

· Elasticity : return to its original length when force acting removed

· Principle of conservation of energy : energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred from one form to another

· Hooke Law : The extension or compression of a spring is direct proportional to the applied force until the elastic limit is not exceed.

· Zero errors occurs when the instrument gives a non- zero reading when in fact the actual reading is zero.

· Parralax error : error in reading / observer eye is not perpendicular to the scale

· Base Quantities : The physical quantities which are used as the basis for the measurement and can’t be derived from other physical quantities.

· Physical quantities are quantities that can be measured

· Derived Quantities :The physical quantities which were derived from base quantities by multiplication operation or division operation or both

· A scalar is any quantity with size (magnitude) but without specified direction.

· A vector is any quantity with size (magnitude) and specified direction.

· Accuracy is the degree of closeness of the measurements to the actual or accepted value.

· Sensitivity is the degree of a measuring instrument to record small change in its reading.

· Systematic errors are errors in the measurement of a physical quantity due to instruments, the effects of surrounding conditions and physical constraints of the observer.

CHAPTER 3 - DEFINITION

- Density : is the mass per volume

- Pascal Principle : In the closed fluid system, an external applied force is transmitted uniformly in all direction.

- Archimedes Principle : upward bouyant force an a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by

the object.

- Pressure : Force per unit area

- Density is mass per volume of the material

CHAPTER 4 - DEFINITION

- Thermal equlibrium : When two object in thermal contact , no net heat energy transfer between each other/ rate of heat transfer is same between each other, same temperature.

- Specific heat capacity : heat energy required to increase temperature 1 C for 1 kg substance.

- Specific latent heat of fusion: quantity heat energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid without a change of temperature

- Specific latent heat of vapourisation: quantity heat energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid to gas without a change of temperature

- Temperature : Degree of hotness of a body

- Heat : Form of energy that tranfer from hot body to cold body

CHAPTER 5 - DEFINITION

- Real Image : Image can be seen on the screen

- Virtual Image : Image is not form on the screen

- Critical angle : Angle of incidence when angle of refraction 90

CHAPTER 6 - DEFINITION

- coherent waves : The waves that have same frequency and same phase

CHAPTER 7 - DEFINITION

- 20W , 240V : the eletrical appliances use 240 potential difference/ voltage will release energy 20J in 1 second.

- Current : The rate of flow of charge

CHAPTER 8 - DEFINITION

- Magnetic field : the region is under magnetic force

CHAPTER 9 - DEFINITION

- Semiconductor : A conductivity between a conductor and insulator

CHAPTER 10 - DEFINITION

- Half life : Time for activity of radioisotope element reduce to half its original value

- Radioisotope : Isotope that are not stable